Radiographic evaluation of dental and cervical vertebral development for age estimation in a young Brazilian population

Abstract

Age estimation is guided by the evaluation of events that happen during the processes of bone and dental development. The purpose of this study was to validate the method of age estimation proposed by Lajolo et al. (2013) through oro-cervical radiographic indices in Brazilians. The study aimed to verify the effectiveness of age estimation equations through dental and cervical vertebrae examinations, in addition to including dental and cervical vertebrae data in new age estimation equations. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs and teleradiographs from 510 subjects (8-24.9 years). Age estimation methods were applied by assessing the development of seven mandibular teeth, cervical vertebrae and third molars. Techniques used previously have been combinations of radiographic indices: Oro-Cervical Radiographic Simplified Score (OCRSS) and Oro-Cervical Radiographic Simplified Score without Wisdom Teeth (OCRSSWWT). In the second phase of the study, dental maturation, vertebral measurements, and real age were estimated by regression equations. OCRSS and OCRSSWWT had success rates of 67.4% (R2=0.64) and 70.8% (R2=0.62), respectively. When age estimation equations for tooth evaluations were applied, the average error was 1.3 years, and for cervical vertebrae measurements, the error was 1.9 years. When dental variables and the measurements of cervical vertebrae were included, the average error of equations was 1.0 year. Radiographic indices were easy to perform, and after adequate training, are reliable and can be used in forensic practice. The use of the new equations presented in this study is recommended because including cervical vertebrae and dental data provides greater accuracy for age estimation.